A vintage direct ophthalmoscope made by Raphaels Ltd, it consists of a black cone with eyepiece at one end and a circular plate at the other which is the ophthalmoscope head, inside it sits a mirror that reflects light from the bulb into the patient’s eye and back to the examiner. The small knurled wheels carrying green‑tinted and clear lenses are the dioptre (focusing) and filter controls, used to compensate for refractive error and reduce glare or enhance retinal contrast. The ribbed black tube is the battery handle, the bulb holder with the silver collar screws onto the handle top, and the ophthalmoscope head then attaches to the lamp stem so the bulb sits just behind the internal mirror. Once assembled and powered, rotating the disc on the back selects different apertures/filters while the side wheels adjust focus, allowing examination of the fundus through the pupil.
 
The opthalmascope comes in it's original fitted case with the logo inset in the lid on an ivorine circular plaque and sitting internally on green felt lining, the set dates from the 1930's.
 
The case measures 16 x 10.5 x 5cm.